Contributions from Homology Theory

This paper deals with the different contributions from Homology theory. It defines homology in homotopy type theory. The author has provided proofs for many theorems and explained the theory giving suitable examples

An Analysis upon Organization of Some Nuclear Mappings and Quasi-Nuclear Mappings

In this paper we sum up the notable outcome which says that the arrangement of semi nuclear maps is nuclear. All the more accurately, we characterize what we call a 2-quasi?-nuclear guide between normed spaces and we say that the organization of a 2-semi ?-nuclear guide with a semi ?-nuclear guide is a pseudo-?-nuclear guide. Additionally, we say that a semi ?-nuclear guide is a 2-semi ?-nuclear guide. For a nuclear G?-space, we say that a straight guide T between normed spaces is 2-semi ?-nuclear if and only if it is semi ?-nuclear. We present new kind of maps between normed spaces to be specific, p-quasi?-nuclear guide. We say that the piece of a q-semi ?-nuclear guide (0 < q ? 1) with a p-semi ?-nuclear guide (0 < p ? 1) is a pseudo-?-nuclear guide. Additionally we say that for a nuclear G?-space a direct guide T between normed spaces isp-semi ?-nuclear iff it is q-semi ?-nuclear

Utilization of chlorophyll content index (CCI) to infer yellow rust severity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks. (Pst) is a major constraint to wheat production in Northern India. In this study, 616 indigenous germplasm (IC) accessions of wheat were screened under field conditions against mixture of Pst isolates at DWR Karnal during 2012-13 crop season. Out of 616 accessions, 197 accessions were observed to be resistant (R), 115 moderately resistant (MR) to moderately susceptible (MS) and 304 as susceptible (S) against yellow rust. On the basis of days to heading, the accessions were grouped into four classes (early, medium early, medium late and late). Chlorophyll content index (CCI) recorded in flag leaf showed significant differences between resistant and susceptible lines in each classified group at 5% level of significance. The difference for CCI between resistant and moderately resistant plants was negligible, however in comparison with resistant plants, susceptible plants showed loss of 35-39% of chlorophyll. There was negative correlation (a correlation coefficient of – 0.60) between chlorophyll content and disease severity due to stripe rust in susceptible accessions

Evaluation of antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activity of Rubia Cordifolia Linn.

Hyperlipidemia is major problem among population those, who have sedentary life style. The effects of ethanolic and aqueous root extract of Rubiacordifoliain experimentally induced hyperlipidemic rats were investigated. 42 wistar rats of both sexes were used for the study. The animals were completely randomized into seven groups comprising 6 animals each. The groups were treated as follows: Group I: normal diet (ND); Group II: HFD ( Vanaspati ghee + coconut oil mixture in ratio of 3:2 at 10 ml/kg/day); Group III: HFD + Atorvastatin (10 mg/kg/day); Group IV: HFD+ ethanolic extract of roots of Rubia cordifolia low dose(200 mg/kg/day); Group V: HFD + ethanolic extract of roots of Rubia cordifolia high dose (400 mg/kg/day); Group VI: HFD + aqueous extract of roots of Rubia cordifolia low dose (200 mg/kg/day); Group VII: HFD + aqueous extract of roots of Rubia cordifolia high dose (400 mg/kg/day). Hypercholesterolemia was induced by feeding the animals with high fat diet for 21 days before administration of the extract. After 21thday of feeding, administration of extract lasted for 14 days. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed that the ethanolic and aqueous root extract of Rubia cordifolia contains glycosides, triterpenoids, saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids. Overall, findings from the present study suggest that the antihyperlipidemic activity observed with Atorvastatin (10mg/kg oral) and the ethanolic extracts of Rubia cordifolia (400mg/kg) showed better activity thanaqueous extracts of Rubia cordifolia (200mg/kg). Keywords: Rubia cordifolia, body weight, high fat diet, serum lipid, anti-hyperlipidemic activity

Ecological system with fear induced group defence and prey refuge

In this study, we investigate the dynamics of a spatial and non spatial prey-predator interaction model that includes the following: (i) fear effect incorporated in prey birth rate; (ii) group defence of prey against predators; and (iii) prey refuge. We provide comprehensive mathematical analysis of extinction and persistence scenarios for both prey and predator species. To better explore the dynamics of the system, a thorough investigation of bifurcation analysis has been performed using fear level, prey birth rate, and prey death rate caused by intra-prey competition as bifurcation parameter. All potential occurrences of bi-stability dynamics have also been investigated for some relevant sets of parametric values. Our numerical evaluations show that high levels of fear can stabilize the prey-predator system by ruling out the possibility of periodic solutions. Also, our model Hopf bifurcation is subcritical in contrast to traditional prey-predator models, which ignore the cost of fear and have supercritical Hopf bifurcations in general. In contrast to the general trend, predator species go extinct at higher values of prey birth rates. We have also found that, contrary to the typical tendency for prey species to go extinct, both prey and predator populations may coexist in the system as intra-prey competition level grows noticeably. The stability and Turing instability of associated spatial model have also been investigated analytically. We also perform the numerical simulation to observe the effect of different parameters on the density distribution of species. Different types of spatiotemporal patterns like spot, mixture of spots and stripes have been observed via variation of time evolution, diffusion coefficient of predator population, level of fear factor and prey refuge. The fear level parameter (k) has a great impact on the spatial dynamics of model system

Evaluation and identification of resistance to powdery mildew in Indian wheat varieties under artificially created epiphytotic

Wheat production is globally weighed down by several biotic factors of which rusts and powdery mildew are the most important. Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is becoming a disease of major importance in the North Western Plains Zone and Northern Hills Zone of the country. In the present context ofclimate variability, diseases like powdery mildew can assume greater importance in wheat breeding programs. Importance of basic studies on powdery mildew is the need of hour. A set of 370 Indian bread wheat, durum, dicoccum and triticale varieties were screened using mixture of natural occurring pathotypes from four locations(viz., Karnal, Ludhiana, Dhaulakuan and Yamunanagar) under polyhouse conditions. Data were recorded on the severity of infection based on 0-9 scale. Out of 370, only 23 varieties (Amrut, DDK 1025, DWR 1006, DWR 195, GW 1139, HD 4672, HD 4530, HD 2278, HD 1981, DDK 1001, HI 8627, Jay, TL 2942, DT 46, K 8020, DDK 1029, K 9107, K 816, Lok 1, MACS 6145, DDK 1009, NP 111 and NP 200) had shown immune reaction (0) whereas 150, 83 and 114 varieties have shown resistance (1-3), moderately susceptible (4-6) and highly susceptible (>6) response respectively against powdery mildew. Data indicated that there is an urgent need to broaden the genetic base of wheat by identifying and introgressing new sources of powdery mildew resistance. With limited sources of PM resistance available, above identified genotypes can be further used and characterized for resistance breeding programs in India

Time-varying dependence structure between oil and agricultural commodity markets: A dependence-switching CoVaR copula approach

We examine the energy-food nexus using the dependence-switching copula model. Specifically, we look at the dependence for four distinct market states, such as, increasing oil–increasing commodity, declining oil–declining commodity, increasing oil–declining commodity, as well as declining oil–increasing commodity markets. Our results support the argument that the crash of oil markets and agricultural commodities happen at the same time, especially during crisis period. However, the same is not true during times of normal economic conditions, implying that investors cannot make excess profits in both agricultural and oil markets at once. Furthermore, our analysis suggests that the return chasing effect dominates for all commodities on maximum occasions. The CoVaR and ∆CoVaR results indicate important risk spillover from oil to agricultural markets, especially around the financial crisis

Predictive maintenance of bearing machinery using simulation- a bibliometric study

Modelling is a way of constructing a virtual representation of software and hardware that involves a real-world device. We will discover the behaviour of the system if the software elements of this model are guided by mathematical relationships. For testing conditions that may be difficult to replicate with hardware prototypes alone, modelling and simulation are particularly useful, especially in the early phase of the design process when hardware might not be available. Model-based approach in MATLAB-Simulink can be useful for predictive maintenance of machines as it can reduce unplanned downtimes and maintenance costs when industrial equipment breaks. Through this bibliometric paper, we carefully investigated the previously done research with the help of a number of papers from the Scopus Database. An overall analysis of the papers has been carried out to identify the extent of research done in this domain and understand the nature of the research work carried out considering the evolution of various predictive maintenance strategies being developed in recent years

Enhanced intracellular translocation and cytokine profiling of gold nanoparticles conjugated with human papilloma virus based (HPV-R9) cell-penetrating peptide in cancer cells

515-521Functionalized gold nanoparticles are emerging as a promising nanocarrier for targeted delivery of therapeutic molecules. The present study describes synthesis, characterization and intracellular delivery of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with L1 protein of human papilloma virus peptide (HPV) derived cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) conjugated with R9. HPV-R9 cell penetrating peptide conjugated with AuNPs (fAuNPs) was characterized using UV-visible and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and zeta potential. The cellular uptake of fAuNPs was studied in Vero cells using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The fAuNPs displayed reversible low intracellular aggregation, ~20% cytotoxicity but high efficiency and stability in Vero cells. The cytokines study by real-time PCR was performed in 4T1 cells of the IL-4, IL-12 and IFN-ᵞ, found to be upregulated in comparison to control. The functionalized gold nanoparticles cell penetrating peptide show good intracellular transport to thecellular destinations.Results of this study demonstrate that cell penetrating peptide can be used along with gold nanoparticles for therapeutics application, particularly cancer